UNIT X: EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

 Vocabulary:

Brain drain refers to the emigration of skilled profetionals to developed countries. These are some of the reasons behind such emigration:

Brain Drain

 Brain Drain : Pull factors: 

 Better economic prospects; 

 Higher salary and income; 

 Better level of living and way of life; 

 Better research facilities; 

 Modern educational system and better chance of advancement 

Prestige of foreign training; 

 Intellectual freedom. 

 Better working condition and better employment opportunities; 

 Relative political stability; 

 Presence of a rich, scientific and cultural tradition; 

 Attraction of urban centres; 

 Availability of experience/supporting staff; 

 Frequent chances of a lucky break in life; 

 Technological gap; 

 Allocation of substantial funds for research; 

 Greater employment possibilities 

 Brain Drain: Push factors: 

 Under employment, 

 Economic under development; 

 Low wage/salary, 

 Political instability; 

 Over production and under utilization or HQM; 

 Lack of research and other facilities; 

 Lack of freedom; 

 Discrimination in appointment and promotion; 

 Poor working facilities; 

 Lack of scientific tradition and culture; 

 Unsuitable institution; 

 Desire for a better urban life; 

 Desire for higher qualification and recognition; 

 Better career expectation; 

 Lack of satisfactory working conditions. 

 Low rate of economic growth; 

 Technologically poor and importer of technology. 

 Collocations:

 Brain drain

 Low pay # High pay 

 Attract attention

 Developed countries

 High technology

 Skilled workers

 Definitions:

Brain drain:  the situation in which large numbers of educated and very skilled people leave their own country to live and work in another one where pay and conditions are better. (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/fr/dictionnaire/anglais/brain-drain)

Physician: A person who practises medicine.

Physicist: An expert in physics.

Scholar: An educated person who has gained mastery in one or more disciplines.

Income: Revenue.

Gain: Obtain something needed or wanted.

Underdeveloped: Not yet or fully developed.

Skilled: Having the ability to peform a task expertly and well.

Unskilled: Not having special skilled or training.

Tempting: Highly attractive.

 Prefixes:

 inner: between, among: examples: intercontinental; interact; interchange; intercity; intermarry...

 extra: outside, beyond: examples: extraterrestrial; exraodinary; extracurricular...

 intra: within, inside: examples: intracellular; intranet...

 under: less than, insufficient: examples: underpaid; underestimate; undertake...

 over: excessively, more than: examples: overpopulated; overheat; overwork...

 super: above, over, beyond: examples: supersonic; superman; supermarket...

 hyper: above, over, excessive: examples: hypersensitive; hypertension; hyperactive; hyperlink...

 anti: against: examples: antiwar; antinuclear...

 de: remove: examples: demotivate; dehydrate; de-ice...

 post: after: example: postwar; postgraduate...

 pro: for, in favour of: examples: pro-American; proabortion; prodemocracy...

 sub: under: examples: subtitle; submarine; subskills...

 ex: former: examples: ex-president; ex-wife...

 co:with, together: examples: co-author; coexist...

 bi: two, twice: examples: bilingual; bilateral; biannual...

 multi: many: examples: multilingual; multimedia...

 micro:small: examples: microwave; microscopic...

 macro: large: examples: macroeconomic;macroscopic...

 pseudo: false, not real: examples: pseudonym; pseudointellectual...

 mis: wrongly, badly: examples: misbehave; misunderstand...